Battery introduction

Battery introduction

Alkaline batteries are a type of primary batteries dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2).

A zinc–carbon battery  is dry cell battery packaged in a zinc can which serves as both a container and negative terminal. The positive terminal is a carbon rod surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon powder. In "general purpose" batteries the electrolyte used is a paste of ammonium chloride (possibly with some zinc chloride) dissolved in water. "Heavy Duty" or "Super Heavy Duty" types use a paste primarily composed of zinc chloride.

A nickel–metal hydride battery, abbreviated NiMH or Ni–MH, is a type of rechargeable battery. Its chemical reactions are somewhat similar to the nickel–cadmium cell (NiCd). NiMH use positive electrodes of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), like the NiCd, but the negative electrodes use a hydrogen-absorbing alloy instead of cadmium, being in essence a practical application of nickel–hydrogen battery chemistry. A NiMH battery can have two to three times the capacity of an equivalent sizeNiCd, and their energy density approaches that of a lithium-ion cell.

A lithium-ion battery (sometimes Li-ion battery or LIB) is a member of a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compoundas one electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in anon-rechargeable lithium battery. The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the consistent components of a lithium-ion cell.

Lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated variously as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology in a pouch format. Unlike cylindrical and prismatic cells, LiPos come in a soft package or pouch, which makes them lighter but also lack rigidity.